Teeth mesh. Larger and smaller gears transmit rotation at different speeds. Externally meshing neighbours rotate in opposite directions.
A single idler changes direction in a simple train, but not the input-output speed ratio. Two different gears on one shaft can form another reduction stage.
An idea to explore further
Start with two gears. Add an idler while keeping input and output sizes unchanged. Then compare with two stages on two gear planes.
Parent explanation, examples and model limits
A simple explanation
Teeth mesh. Larger and smaller gears transmit rotation at different speeds. Externally meshing neighbours rotate in opposite directions.
A single idler changes direction in a simple train, but not the input-output speed ratio. Two different gears on one shaft can form another reduction stage.
A comparison idea
Start with two gears. Add an idler while keeping input and output sizes unchanged. Then compare with two stages on two gear planes.
What the model shows
External spur gears with one module; ideal fixed shafts, open transmission trains, no belts or planetary gears. Pitch-circle distance determines meshing. The back plane is shown in an exploded view. Dashed lines join gears on one shaft; their physical centres remain identical. The drive holds its selected speed up to its torque limit; excessive load stalls it. Efficiencies multiply along the connected transmission path. Tooth failure, elasticity, backlash and acceleration are not modelled.